教育專欄 (107) 任何孩子都可以教好的

我們國家有很多孩子的學業程度很差,通常大多數人都會責怪這些孩子不用功、不上進,我一直認為絕大多數的孩子是可以學得很好的。

我曾經碰過一個小孩,他畢業於一所偏鄉非常小的國中,這所國中的學生絕對不會超過30人。當時的入學制度是要參加基本學力測驗,滿分300分,他只考到了108分,可是在這所國中來講這已經是打破紀錄了。

可以想見的是他的英文和數學差到什麼程度,可是我就是不信邪,一直幫助他,我的好幾位博士班學生也每一個星期都會給他上課。現在他在一個相當好的機構工作,有趣的是他所做的工作是他過去完全不懂的,可是因為他的英文和數學等等都還有一定的程度,所以他可以很快的學會新的學問。現在我在下面給各位看他做的一段有關馬達的翻譯,希望大家知道他在中學的時候完全沒有學過馬達,不知馬達為何物,可是從他的翻譯中可以看出來他不僅英文夠程度,邏輯思考的能力也是夠的,換句話說他是可以學會新的學問的。

遺憾的是很多的弱勢孩子都在我們的教育制度中被遺忘了,這些學業程度差的學生沒有什麼競爭力,無法使自己有姣好的收入,也沒有能夠對國家社會有好的貢獻。如果我們的教育制度能夠關心所有的學生,那麼他們一定會有足夠的競爭力。順便在此講一聲:我的學生是可以看得懂BBC新聞網站的。


Consider Fig. 6-1.  In Fig. 6-1, there are a number of permanent magnets around a circle and a coil with current flowing in the middle.  The rotor is the coil.

考慮圖6-1。 在圖6-1中,圓周圍有許多永久磁鐵和中間有電流的線圈。 轉子是線圈。

Fig. 6-1  An AC motor with the coil as the rotor

 

Suppose the current flowing through the coil is such that the top of the coil is of the N magnetic polarity.  Then this will cause the rotor to rotate.  But as soon as the rotor meets the second permanent magnet, it will stop as can be seen in Fig. 6-2.

假設流過線圈的電流使得線圈的頂部具有N個磁極性。 那麼這將導致轉子旋轉。 但是,一旦轉子與第二個永久磁鐵相遇,它將停止,如圖6-2所示。

Fig. 6-2 The state when the rotor meets the second permanent magnet

 

If as soon as the rotates to meet the second permanent magnet, the magnetic polarity of the coil is changed as shown in Fig. 6-3.  Then the rotor will continue to rotate as long as the magnetic polarities of the rotor keep changing appropriately.

如果旋轉以滿足第二永磁體,線圈的磁極性如圖6-3所示變化。 然後轉子將繼續旋轉,只要轉子的磁極性保持適當的變化。

Fig. 6-3 The changing of the polarity of the coil

 

The question is:  How can we change the polarities of the coil continuously?  Note that the magnetic polarities of a coil are determined by the direction of the current flowing through it.  Thus we may use the alternating current (AC) which changes its direction continuously.

問題是:我們如何連續改變線圈的極性? 注意,線圈的磁極性由流過其的電流的方向確定。 因此,我們可以使用連續改變其方向的交流電(AC)。

Consider Fig. 6-4. 

Fig. 6-4  Alternating current

In Fig. 6-4, we can see that the current is sometimes positive and sometimes negative as shown in Fig. 6-5.  In an alternating current, the direction of the current is changed continuously.

在圖6-4中,我們可以看出,電流有時是正的,有時是負的,如圖6-5所示。 在交流電中,電流方向連續變化。

Fig. 6-5  The direction of current

 

If we supply an AC current into the coil as shown in Fig. 6-6.

Fig. 6-6  AC supplied to the coil

 

Since the direction of the current flowing through the coil changes continuously, the polarities of the coil change continuously.  This is how we may achieve the state when the coil meets the second permanent magnet as shown in Fig. 6-7.

由於流過線圈的電流方向連續變化,線圈的極性連續變化。 這就是如圖6-7所示,線圈與第二永久磁鐵相遇時的狀態。

Fig. 6-7  The changing of the polarities of the coil due to the AC current